Strangler Fig - South Floridas Strange Hammock Tree

Strangler Fig - South Florida's Strange Hammock Tree Figs are effective woodland trees with somewhere in the range of 900 separate species around the world. Figs are very regular due to their amazing methods for dispersal including plentiful and great tasting natural product. The strangler fig, or Ficus aurea, is one of the most fascinating trees with regards to a North American Everglades tropical hardwood lounger. Strangler figs, some of the time called brilliant fig are local to south Florida and the West Indies. The strangler fig delivers a nonstop yield of seeds through the organic product that is imperative to the environment and a significant food hotspot for creatures. Feathered creatures transport and spread these seed in droppings. Strangler Fig's Unusual Propagation Method Strangler fig seeds are clingy and join to a host tree where it develops and flourishes in tropical dampness. The strangler fig starts its life as a parasite-like epiphyte or air plant however is continually looking for a way to the ground and a progressively trustworthy hotspot for root take-up of supplements. The trees seeds stop in bark gaps of a terrible host, sprout and convey air establishes that take in supplements and water from the air and host tree. In the end, the air attaches develop to arrive at the ground and build up their own underground root framework. Cabbage palms are most loved hosts for the strangler fig. Why the Name Strangler Fig The Stranger Fig is perhaps the most bizarre plant in a tropical hardwood lounger. It totally weaves its foundations and trunk around a host tree. The figs crown develops foliage which before long eclipses the tree. Inevitably, the host tree is choked and kicks the bucket, leaving the fig with an empty trunk where the host used to be. The fig exploits the supplements delivered by the decaying host. The Tropical Hardwood Hammock Strangler figs by and large develop on raised land called loungers. The commonplace tropical hardwood lounger in the Everglades grow just in territories that are shielded from fire, flood and salt water. The strangler fig is a significant tree in a commonplace lounger yet not by any means the only tree. A figs tree spread sort or biome incorporates Cabbage palm, cut pine, gumbo-limbo, saw-palmetto, poisonwood and live oak. The Importance of a Strangler Fig Note that this executioner epiphyte gives a significant specialty and food source to numerous tropical timberland animals. Its empty trunk, with a plenitude of niches and corners, gives a significant home to a great many spineless creatures, rodents, bats, reptiles, creatures of land and water, and flying creatures. The strangler fig is additionally viewed as a cornerstone tree and important in the tropical hardwood biological system. Numerous types of life are pulled in to the fig tree in view of its creation of a lot of fig products of the soil be the main wellspring of food during specific seasons.

Business Communication for Human Resource - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theBusiness Communication for Human Resource Management. Answer: Presentation Passionate knowledge is the capacity which an individual shows, to comprehend and oversee others and own sentiments and emotions(Higgs Dulewicz, 2016). An individual with high enthusiastic knowledge can channelize thinking and personal conduct standards in a constructive way (Goleman, 2012). Such a parson can likewise modify feelings to suit evolving needs. Passionate insight includes the capacity to get mindful of feelings; capacity to outfit feelings through reasoning and the capacity to oversee feelings viably (Walton, 2012). Passionate insight is viewed as a significant quality of powerful leadership(Goleman, 2011). Enthusiastic insight causes a pioneer to tackle own and laborers feelings and it encourages them in channelizing feelings to get the best output(Walton, 2012). In any case, passionate knowledge is likewise significant for successful working in a hierarchical environment(Goleman, 2011). This article will illuminate the reasons why passionate insight is required for compelling working. Passionate Intelligence is as significant for viable functioning with respect to powerful administration Passionate knowledge is for the most part connected with capable leadership(Ashkanasy, et al., 2012). A pioneer with high passionate insight can deal with an association through comprehension and compassion(Ashkanasy, et al., 2012). He can focus on the development of the association. Pioneers with enthusiastic knowledge can persuade a workforce better and can impart their vision in a progressively compelling way.(Kreamer, 2011) However, for laborers too passionate insight is as significant for what it's worth for pioneers. This is on the grounds that passionate insight prompts better occupation elements and better understanding. Representatives are affected by ordinary choices of the firm like enrollment, moves, job changes and conservation. Workers need to have enthusiastic insight to comprehend and deal with the effect of this choice on them(Banfield Kay, 2012). Moreover, workers with more elevated level of passionate knowledge can participate in a superior manner with hierarchical pioneers and their own colleagues(Ashkanasy, et al., 2012). This is on the grounds that they can pass judgment on people groups response and act in like manner. Passionate knowledge is required in the two chiefs and the workers(Ashkanasy, et al., 2012). On the off chance that simply the pioneers have enthusiastic insight and the laborers need it, the firm won't have the option to oversee, as laborers won't have the option to evaluate the effect of inspirational strategies utilized by leaders.(Bach Edwards, 2012). Subsequent, they won't have the option to build their profitability. Enthusiastic insight can help a worker in overseeing work life stress, understanding clashes and gaining from past experiences(Goleman, 2012). Through a high enthusiastic insight the representative can detect the mind-set and desires of others. This cam causes him in responding to others in a fitting way (Goleman, 2011). Significant level of passionate insight might be valuable to workers in positions which require more prominent relational abilities; like, deals or administration delivery(Bach Edwards, 2012). In such occupation positions laborers are continually communicating with clients, different representatives or directors. Such laborers need to see how individuals respond to circumstances. They additionally need to have a capacity to oversee pressure brought about by proceeded with client connection. Along these lines, those laborers might be fruitful who have higher passionate intelligence(Ashkanasy, et al., 2012). This is on the grounds that laborers with higher passionate knowledge will have the option to comprehend the feelings of clients and deal with their own feelings to draw out the best help proficiency. As indicated by hypotheses of passionate insight, accomplishment of a representative or pioneer is reliant on abilities like persistence, poise and great relational skills(Goleman, 2012). A worker who has passionate insight will have the option to comprehend others sentiments. Thusly, he will have the option to figure connections inside the work setting in an increasingly beneficial manner(Kreamer, 2011). A worker with enthusiastic knowledge will be seen as understanding and humane by others(Goleman, 2011). This will prompt more collaboration in the activity jobs. Laborers with more significant level of enthusiastic knowledge are better prepared to work in groups as they can deal with feelings relating to work jobs in a superior way(Higgs Dulewicz, 2016). A higher passionate insight level helps a representative in knowing and controlling feelings. Such representatives can acclimate to change and are progressively adaptable and adaptive(Bach Edwards, 2012). Adaptability and adjustment to change has gotten significant in the present business situation as innovation and business strategies are persistently changing(Bach Edwards, 2012). Accordingly, workers who can't oversee feelings in the changing settings won't have the option to oversee themselves and their activity jobs. Absence of passionate knowledge can upset a representatives career(Bach Edwards, 2012). Individuals with absence of enthusiastic insight have a lesser capacity to upgrade relational relationships(Bach Edwards, 2012). In this manner, such individuals can be seen as impolite. Such representatives can't convey themselves well to both their associates and the leadership(Kreamer, 2011). Such laborers can't collaborate well with initiative regardless of whether pioneer has high passionate intelligence(Kreamer, 2011). Along these lines, such specialists may not be well known and different laborers might not have any desire to work with them It is said that leasers who need enthusiastic neediness are more volatile(Higgs Dulewicz, 2016). Such pioneers can't control extraordinary feelings like outrage and can enjoy enthusiastic upheavals. This can be very demotivating for representatives and dangerous for the organisation(Bach Edwards, 2012). Additionally, laborers who can't deal with and tap their feelings, will in general be increasingly unstable. Such specialists will in general be inclined to clashes and wind up being a piece of fights(Kreamer, 2011). Such clashes in work spot can prompt work environment incapability and wastefulness. Along these lines, passionate knowledge is as significant for laborers all things considered for pioneers, as it helps in channelizing the work bearing. End Low enthusiastic knowledge can prompt useless association. It can prompt unbending nature in the association. Enthusiastic knowledge is required in laborers to oversee group jobs adequately. Passionate knowledge additionally helps in improving work relations and relational abilities. This prompts better deals and administration conveyance. Passionate knowledge additionally helps in making a situation of collaboration, coordination and warm work culture. In this way, enthusiastic knowledge is significant for work environment proficiency. References Ashkanasy, N. M., Hrtel, C. E. Zerbe, W., 2012. Encountering and Managing Emotions in the Workplace. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Bach, S. Edwards, M., 2012. Overseeing Human Resources: Human Resource Management in TransitionStephen Bach, Martin Edwards. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Banfield, P. Kay, R., 2012. Prologue to Human Resource Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Goleman, 2012. Passionate Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New York: Random House Publishing Group. Goleman, D., 2011. Working With Emotional Intelligence. London: Random House Publishing Group. Higgs, M. Dulewicz, V., 2016. Driving with Emotional Intelligence: Effective Change Implementation in Todays Complex Context. Humburg: Springer. Kreamer, A., 2011. It's Always Personal: Navigating Emotion in the New Workplac. London: Random House Publishing Group. Walton, D., 2012. Presenting Emotional Intelligence: A Practical Guid. London: Icon Books.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. As technical knowledge becomes increasingly relevant across diverse industries, many MBA programs seem to be vying to dominate the intersection of science and management education. Supplementing its global focus,  Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management  has developed a program specifically targeting students with a background in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Krannert launched this one-year, full-time MBA program for STEM professionals in 2014, and it was designed to bring management education to applicants who possess at least four years of work experience in a technical field. The specialized STEM program reflects, as  Bloomberg Businessweek  suggests, the growing role of STEM professionals in entrepreneurship, consulting, and managerial positions. The program’s curriculum entails a summer session and four modules that combine a business core and a wide selection of electives with STEM-related case studies and learning projects. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. As technical knowledge becomes increasingly relevant across diverse industries, many MBA programs seem to be vying to dominate the intersection of science and management education. Supplementing its global focus,  Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management  has developed a program specifically targeting students with a background in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In June 2014, Krannert launched a one-year, full-time MBA program for STEM professionals that was designed to bring management education to applicants who possess at least four years of work experience in a technical field. The specialized STEM program reflects, as  Bloomberg Businessweek  suggests, the growing role of STEM professionals in entrepreneurship, consulting, and managerial positions. The program’s curriculum entails a summer session and four modules that combine a business core and a wide selection of electives with STEM-related case studies and learning projects. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. As technical knowledge becomes increasingly relevant across diverse industries, many MBA programs seem to be vying to dominate the intersection of science and management education. Supplementing its global focus,  Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management  has developed a program specifically targeting students with a background in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Krannert launched this one-year, full-time MBA program for STEM professionals in 2014, and it was designed to bring management education to applicants who possess at least four years of work experience in a technical field. The specialized STEM program reflects, as  Bloomberg Businessweek  suggests, the growing role of STEM professionals in entrepreneurship, consulting, and managerial positions. The program’s curriculum entails five modules, including a summer session, that combine a business core and a wide selection of electives with STEM-related case studies and learning projects. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. As technical knowledge becomes increasingly relevant across diverse industries, many MBA programs seem to be vying to dominate the intersection of science and management education. Supplementing its global focus,  Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management  has developed two programs specifically targeting students with a background in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In June 2014, Krannert launched a one-year, full-time MBA program for STEM professionals that is designed to bring management education to applicants who possess three to five years of work experience in a technical field. In addition, the school now offers a similar 21-month weekend MBA option that begins each year in August. These specialized programs reflect, as  Bloomberg Businessweek  suggests, the growing role of STEM professionals in entrepreneurship, consulting, and managerial positions. The full-time curriculum entails a summer session and four modules that combine a business core and a wide selection of electives with STEM-related case studies and learning projects. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals As technical knowledge becomes increasingly relevant across diverse industries, many MBA programs seem to be vying to dominate the intersection of science and management education. Supplementing its global focus, Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management has launched two programs specifically targeting students with a background in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Starting in 2015, Krannert will offer applicants the option of a full-time, one-year MBA for STEM Professionals, designed to bring management education to applicants who possess three to five years of work experience in a technical field. In addition, the school has proposed a similar 16-month weekend MBA option that is awaiting official approval. These specialized programs reflect, as Bloomberg Businessweek suggests, the growing role of STEM professionals in entrepreneurship, consulting and managerial positions. Each of Krannert’s new programs will reportedly consist of two career tracks, with one for entrepreneurs and another for those looking to join larger companies. The full-time curriculum entails a summer session and four modules that combine a business core and a wide selection of electives with STEM-related case studies and learning projects. As Dean Christopher Earley avowed, “Krannert is uniquely positioned to provide this program because it is a business school integrated into one of the world’s leading STEM-focused universities.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Krannert for STEM Professionals MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. As technical knowledge becomes increasingly relevant across diverse industries, many MBA programs seem to be vying to dominate the intersection of science and management education. Supplementing its global focus, Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management has developed two programs specifically targeting students with a background in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In June 2014, Krannert launched a one-year, full-time MBA program for STEM professionals that is designed to bring management education to applicants who possess three to five years of work experience in a technical field. In addition, the school now offers a similar 21-month weekend MBA option that begins each year in August. These specialized programs reflect, as Bloomberg Businessweek suggests, the growing role of STEM professionals in entrepreneurship, consulting, and managerial positions. Each of Krannert’s programs consists of two career tracks, with one for entrepreneurs and another for those looking to join larger companies. The full-time curriculum entails a summer session and four modules that combine a business core and a wide selection of electives with STEM-related case studies and learning projects. As Dean Christopher Earley avowed, “Krannert is uniquely positioned to provide this program because it is a business school integrated into one of the world’s leading STEM-focused universities.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

The System Of Credit Worthiness Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2774 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In addition, the creditworthiness may be affected by a variety of other factors, such as residence, place of work, property ownership, number of persons in the household, etc. The analysis of the creditworthiness involves preliminary study of the factors and prerequisites which can affect adversely the duly repayment of the creditor. Thus, it is of high importance that bank specialists demonstrate competence and conscientiousness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The System Of Credit Worthiness Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Bank shave at their disposal various ways for choosing suitable borrowers to be financed and for exercising control over the special purpose of the credit resources and their expedient and efficient spending. The in-depth study of the financial situation of the loan applicant does not harm the good relations between him and the bank. Establishing firm grounds for the credit relations is seen as an inherent characteristic element of the credit activity. The study of the financial situation, which is carried out by qualified and experienced bank experts, may disclose a number of shortcomings which until that moment have been unknown to the administrative and managerial staff and in this way the study can turn out to be extremely useful for the loan applicant too. The last twenty years has seen a revolution in consumer credit, with more and more people borrowing on an increasing scale. The explosion in demand for consumer credit could probably not have been met successfully withou t the development of better and more efficient techniques for handling a key decision. This decision -whether or not to lend money to a prospective borrower underpins all credit operations. The well-being of a credit institution, and ultimately its survival, depends on the ability to make this fundamental lending decision correctly. Reasons Why People Apply For A Loan One of the main reason for borrowing is to purchase a home or for home renovation. Shelter is one of the basic human needs. But acquiring a home might take you longer years to save for the amount of money it requires. The easiest way to have it is to apply for a loan. Furthermore, people also request loan to buy car. Vehicle nowadays becomes necessary. The last but not the least of the reasons for applying loan is to pay for educational balances to give your children a brighter future. Education is also expensive which demand bigger amount of money for tuition fees, books, allowances, and a lot more. (Burton, n. d.) Problem statement In the sixties and seventies, Mauritius was dependent on sugar production; but since then the island has developed itself into a diversified economy with important pillars in financial services, business process outsourcing, tourism and information technology. Like many other developing countries, Mauritius is now facing acute challenges arising out of the changing global environment arising from the process of liberalization, globalization, and technological advances. With a population of around 1.3 million, the figures below clearly indicate that the whole population lives on debts. That is, they are spending more than they earned. Jun-11 Sept-11 Dec-11 Credit cards 210,572 213,247 217,135 Outstanding Advances on credit cards(Rs M) 1673.4 1756.8 1863.3 Table (Statistics Office, Year 2011 source [https://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/cso/mif11/mif2011.pdf]) Table 1 show that there in a constant increase in amount due in cre dit cards from June 2011 to December 2011. Aim Research objectives The study will be carried out by selecting two main banks in Mauritius namely, Mauritius Commercial Bank and State Bank of Mauritius Ltd to analyze whether they are conducting proper credit assessment before granting any credit facilities to its customers The research objectives of this study are: To determine the effectiveness of a proper credit analyst; To identify the psychological factors which compel a person to request a loan; To assess the impact of loan repayment on borrowers income; To recommend a credit counseling session to client upon a request for credit facilities The following research questions are as follows: Why people request for (more) credit facilities (than they can afford)? What are the steps taken by a bank before granting credit facilities? What are the advices given by the bank officer to the client upon a request for credit facilities? What measures ca n be taken for improving the actual system of credit assessment Benefits of the study This study will be beneficial primarily to Bank of Mauritius in assessing whether commercial banks are acting in favor of the borrower when granting credit facilities to borrowers. Additionally, it will help in identifying some gaps in the system and it will determine whether the Borrower Protection Act which was introduced in 2007 is really protecting the borrowers or the act need to be reviewed Literature Review Mid loan relationships between bank-lenders and borrowers An investigation done by Gottesman and Roberts(2005) on the nature of mid-loan relationships between bank-lenders and borrowers, to test whether firms borrow from banks to signal quality. Using the LPC Deal Scan, CRSP, and Wall Street Journal databases, they test whether borrower abnormal returns are related to bank during the duration of the loan. They also demonstrated that borrower abnormal returns are related to mid-loan bank events, defined as an event resulting in bank abnormal returns beyond a specified threshold. The results suggest that borrowers are affected by bank events mid-loan, even when the event is not directly related to bank default. (Aron A. Gottesman, Gordon S. Roberts, 2005) Lending procedures Ralston and Wright (2003, p.6) elaborate on sound lending procedures in retail financial institutions involve identifying high-risk applicants, modifying loan conditions such as security requirements, and monitoring repayments post-loan approval. For managers of credit unions, this procedure is complicated by the need to achieve balance between the institutions social objective of improving loan accessibility so members can attain lifestyle goals and the possibility of reducing the institutions viability through loan default. The results of this survey of Australian credit unions, in which 70% of respondents reported experiencing some bankruptcy-related default on personal loans, indicate managers do not impose more stringent lending conditions on high-risk borrowers. However, social and viability objectives could be better balanced through careful loan monitoring and timely arrears practices. (Ralston, 2003) Bank lending and the environment Bankers have come to realise that banking operations, especially corporate lending, affect and are affected by the natural environment and that consequently the banks might have an important role to play in helping to raise environmental s tandards. Although the environment presents significant risks to banks, in particular environmental credit risk, it also perhaps presents profitable opportunities. Stricter environmental regulations have forced companies to invest in environmentally friendly technologies and pollution control measures and in turn generated lending opportunities for bankers. This article examines the lending policies of a sample of UK banks with respect to the environment, focusing on issues of environmental risk management, market segmentation and the exploitation of marketing opportunities. The research found that while the banks are placing considerable emphasis on environmental risk management in their corporate lending operations, there is little evidence of them harnessing the opportunities presented by the greening of industry. Numerical Points Systems in Credit Screening A study of Barry (1977, p.36) has shown how the development of numerical points systems, or credit scoring systems, have become increasingly important in this country as aids in the credit screening process. Most of the initial research on these techniques has been undertaken in the US, but in the last decade the principles have been used in this country, particularly by financial institutions operating in the consumer credit field. In broad terms, numerical points systems attempt to discriminate potentially bad from potentially good credit risks and offer an alternative to a purely subjective assessment of a credit applicant. The systems are particularly relevant in the consumer credit field where most of the information needed can be obtained from a credit application form. Under the system, numerical weights are assigned to certain types of information given (e.g. occupation, income, marital status, etc.), the total of the scores then being used as a measure of payment potential : the higher the score, the more likely is the applicant to possess characteristics which indicate a prompt payment disposition. In this article, it is emphasised that the construction of a numerical points system fits into the overall credit screening process, and it is important to appreciate the principles of the latter before full use can be made of any system. The empirical research is summarised both in the US and in the UK with a view to assessing the effectiveness of the systems, and a survey amongst UK financial institutions is also summarised to evaluate the extent of the use of the techniques in the UK. Emphasis throughout has been placed on the consumer credit field but the principles can also be applied to trade credit. (Savery, 1997) Small businesses and risk contingent credit A more recent study (Turvey et al. 2012, p 491) has shown that firms facing significant income volatility can often suffer from downside risk such that return on assets is insufficient to m eet fixed financial obligations. The purpose is to provide a prescriptive credit solution for small businesses facing exogenous income risk. Formulas for risk-contingent operating and collateralized loans are developed and simulated in the context of a specific business sector. The Findings demonstrates that a structured credit product with an imbedded option can reduce or eliminate financial risks by providing payouts that decrease the amount of principal and/or interest that firms must repay under low income states. The overall objective is to provide a means to mitigate exogenous income risk faced by firms through the design and application of a risk-contingent credit product that is tied to primary markets and simple to implement. In this context, risk contingency credit refers to a suite of financial products with payoff schedules (loan principal) that are linked to specific commodities or indices. The authors are in fact unaware of any commercial financial products of the t ype considered in this paper and thus their approach is a prescriptive solution to the identified problem. (Turvey C. G., 2012) The impact of attitude variables on the credit debt behavior The present research attempts to address what kinds of attitude variables influence individuals debt behavior. Although credit card debt has been extensively documented recently, the main focus is on the pure amount of debt. Little research is concerned with the source of credit card debt. This research tries to investigate how different attitude variables affect revolving credit card use and petty installment use which are two main sources of credit card debt. It is generally accepted that attitude variables are one of the causes of credit card misuse. But there is no research to compare the differential effect of each factor in one model. The present research tries to use statistical method to find out the distinctive effect of each attitude factor. The study was conducted by using mail -in questionnaires, which were sent to credit card holders who were using or had used either revolving credit or petty installment plans. After reliability and validity tests, stepwise regression model has been used to test the differential effect of each attitude variable. According to regression functions, it was found that attitude variables had a wonderful explanatory power in accounting for revolving credit use and petty installment use. Specifically, it was found that revolving credit use and petty installment use were closely related to attitudes about credit card, money, and debt. Risk attitude efficiently predicted petty installment use; however, it did not correlate with revolving credit use. Meanwhile, it was found that all of the attitude factors account for 82.1 percent of variance for revolving credit use. In contrast, they account for 41.6 percent of variance for petty installment use. The findings shed light on the role of attitude variables in debt behavior. More over, the paper identifies the specific role of different attitude variables, which has great implications for practice. Existing research has significantly clarified credit card debt issues, but there are still some gaps to fill in. For one, although the previous literature tests both separate effects and joint effects, it ignores some important variables, such as attitude variables. Meanwhile, previous research focuses on single variables most of the time, such as credit card attitude and debt attitude, and little research has simultaneously considered a bunch of attitude factors simultaneously. In summary, further exploration of the attitude factors is necessary. Additionally, previous researchers have focused only on the final consequences of credit usage the outstanding balance or credit card debt rather than the behavior which triggers credit card debt. The present research aims to address these two questions. Fashion orientation, credit card use, and compulsive buying In 2005, a study by Park Burns, to examine fashion orientation, a fashion-related variable, as a direct antecedent of compulsive buying and as an indirect antecedent of compulsive buying through credit card use. Using a convenient sampling method, women aged over 20 years living in the Seoul metropolitan area were selected as the sample. Out of 380 distributed, 267 useful questionnaires were returned. Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were conducted using structural equation modeling. (Park, H. J. Burns, L. D. , 2005) The results of this study showed that fashion interest significantly influenced compulsive buying directly and also indirectly by influencing credit card use. This study has significance in terms of being the first one to explore the relationship between fashion orientation variables and compulsive buying, offering a new perspective on compulsive buying. Importance of credit counseling in the Mauritian Banking sector Credit counsel is very he lpful because it would assist you toward not only improved understand the financial situation; however you would also discover how to evade accumulating overpowering debt within the future. Credits counseling is particularly useful for peopled suffering as of huge debt burden and opposite a monetary and individual crisis. As you gather with credit counselors as of the reputable credits counseling corporation, you would learn the finest way to doggedness the crisis also regain manage of the life. Professional credit counselor has the knowledge and qualifications within debt management toward helping you improve the finances. They would educate you how headed for manage the household finances; assist you comprehend how you obtain into such overpowering debt, also how you be able to avoid declare insolvency. They will evaluate your personal monetary situation and counsel you at the best alternative and come about with habits to develop into debt-frees. They would help you graph your route to financial free will. Normally a credit assessment is undertaken to see whether the borrower has the repayment capacity for amount loan being requested That is, a proper analysis must be performed. For instance, a person A requests a loan of 1million rupees to be paid over 10 years. The bank will normally determine his monthly installments; then the banker will check his monthly income net of his existing liability (any loan taken before) and including the new request. If the amount remaining is enough for a normal household expense taking into consideration of his status (If he is married and have children) then the loan will be provided to him. (Anon., 2011) METHODOLOGY Overview The target population for this study will be the credit analysis department of the two main banks in Mauritius, namely Mauritius Commercial Bank and State Bank of Mauritius. It is to be noted that raw data will be collected through questionnaire filled by banking officers of credit analysis department and another questionnaire will target client who already have credit facilities. Moreover, data concerning the great disparities of customers will be analysed accordingly through various statistical method. Appropriate hypothesis will formulated to model the impact of the different physiological factors leading a person to apply for credit facilities. Survey Questionnaire will be distributed among a selected clients and banking officers through the help of friends. The questionnaire will be set to obtain from target audiences detail concerning the system of credit analyst and their impact on borrowers. Planning October November December Introduction Literature review Data collection and sorting Analysis Report writing Table Ethical considerations The research will be conducted in a professional way and abides to all ethics. That is, any information gathered during our research will not be disclosed to any individual. Limitations of study The main concern to this study is confidentiality of data. Banks will not give us access to personal data on their customers, in particular, when we are assessing on how they are evaluating credit worthiness. In other words, we will be able to determine loophole in their system and hence this may affect their reputation. Expected result A thorough analysis of how the system of credit analysis impacts on borrowers and the degree of importance it imposes upon the borrower; this will help us to reduce the overdebted population. Consequently, this will lead to a better social life.

Argumentative Research Paper Parents Responsible for...

â€Å"Parental behavioral patterns concerning shopping, cooking, eating and exercise have an important influence on a child’s energy, balance and ultimately their weight† said diet specialist, Anne Collins (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). Childhood obesity has more than tripled since the 1980’s (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). Childhood obesity often leads to obesity as an adult which can put a person at greater risks dealing with the heart, diabetes, and many other obese related diseases. People want to blame the schools and today’s technology for childhood obesity, in reality, the responsibility lies in the hands of their parents. Parents are at fault for childhood obesity. The job of a parent is to teach a child wrong from right, including their†¦show more content†¦Parents need to realize that they are putting their own children’s lives at jeopardy by making them more likely to develop diseases later in life. In todayâ €™s society, technology has played a big role in everyone’s lives and has taken over. Kids today stay inside and play on the computer, watch TV, play video games, or mess with tablets and smartphones. Several people find other, more entertaining things to do than play outside and be active. Some of the times, physical education in schools is the only physical activity students have on a daily basis (â€Å"Obesity†). Kids and teenagers would much rather be wrapped up in a social network than going for a job or going to the gym. Back in the day, playing outside was one of the few entertainments. Parents have no discipline and let their children do what they want to their bodies. Technology has caused people to be less active and not as self-controlled causing them to be obese or overweight later in life. â€Å"Children and adolescents who are obese are more likely to be obese as adults, putting them more at risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, types of cancers, osteoarthritis, bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, increases risk for many types of cancer including breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder, thyroid, ovary, cervix, and prostate† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). A person can increase the risk of getting several diseases if having bad eating habits, exerciseShow MoreRelatedDefinition of Adolescent Development14194 Words   |  57 Pagesinclude predictable physical and mental milestones. Introduction Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mental, emotional and social development. WHO considers adolescence to be the period between 10-19 years of age, whichRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14200 Words   |  57 Pagesinclude predictable physical and mental milestones. Introduction Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mental, emotional and social development. WHO considers adolescence to be the period between 10-19 years of age, whichRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagestraffic laws can prevent accidents 10 Parents are too permissive with their children nowadays II 12 Advertisers perform a useful service to the community Pop stars certainly earn their money 13 Vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law 14 Transistor radios should be prohibited in public places 15 The only thing people are interested in today is earning more money 16 Compulsory military service should be abolished in all countries 17 Childhood is certainly not the happiest timeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management

Nature Of Control And Its Effects On The Way Individuals...

Research has shown that there is significant variability in the way individuals perceive and interpret events. Frequently, individuals encounter and are exposed to situations in their environment where causation tends to be subjectively inferred. Due to these instances where one is able to nonchalantly assume the causality between certain events or situations that occur, gives rise to the phenomenon of illusory control. Langer (1975) introduced the concept ‘illusion of control’ as the expectancy of a personal success probability which is inappropriately higher than the objective probability would warrant. Even though the objective odds are evident, the remaining subjective expectation of success is thought to be dependent on factors†¦show more content†¦Previous research has suggested that there are certain individuals who are more prone to an illusion of control than others (e.g. Alloy Abramson, 1979; Biner et al., 1995; Delfabbro LeCouteur, 2009; Friedland e t al., 1991; Langer, 1975; Rudski, 2004). Rotter (1966) proposed that ones’ locus of control, which refers to an individual’s generalised expectancy of success based on their previous experience, will influence ones predisposition to illusory control. However, the issue with this notion is the reliance on multiple forms of perception at once, and it is likely individuals will differ in these each of these aspects (e.g. personal, social and political beliefs). Therefore, to understand and measure how beliefs about events occur in the world while considering these differences, application of scales measuring principles like superstitions (Matute, 1995; Wiseman Watt, 2004), paranormal beliefs (Peters et al. 1999) luck, chance and how these might impact activities like gambling (Friedland et al., 1991; Wood Clapham 2005), will be valuable. Studies have shown that those more likely to develop an illusion of control are correlated with their desire for control (Biner et al. 1995), superstitious or paranormal beliefs (Rudski 2004) as well as their delusory beliefs (Balzan et al. 2013). Therefore, it is evident that certain individuals appear more inclined to make connections from

Same Sex Marriages By Definition, It Cannot Exist Essay Example For Students

Same Sex Marriages? By Definition, It Cannot Exist Essay What is marriage? This word has different meanings for different people. To some marriage means a commitment between two people in holy matrimony, or religious marriage. To others it is just a legal contract between two people, or civil marriage. In actuality there is only one definition for a marriage. According to Websters Dictionary, a marriage is a state of living together as husband and wife joined in wedlock. Webster also identifies a husband as a man and a wife as a woman. Same sex marriages are morally and ethically wrong, and they are also impossible to occur (according to our modern language). Same sex marriages, even though inappropriate, can be solved without upsetting both sides of the scale. Many same sex marriage supporters argue, Why does every legal and political issue always have to be complicated by making it a moral and ethical question? If there were no morals or ethics in government, society as we know it could not exist. It is unthinkable how someone can make this point. If these people had some logic and thoughtfulness in their minds as well as in their hearts, they would not be making these ridiculous comments. Arguments of this type are the cause of crime and poverty in our country. People dont know the difference between right and wrong. Children need a mother and a father to teach family values and the difference between right and wrong. The world would be a much better place if everyone had a parent or a teacher to show the them the proper path. Unfortunately, this is not the case. If more of society would put a priority on their children and their future, there could be fewer problems faced by the community as a whole. If no one takes into account morals and ethics into their decision making, these deplorable situations could lead to a catastrophe. If no one has any morals or ethics, this great nation would come to its decline. If no one has any morals or ethics, not even the worlds most powerful military will be able stop the catastrophe. The argument against this point, raised by the supporters, is the question of divorced parents and single parents. According to religious philosophy, single parenting is also an improper system for rising children. If someone else is jumping of a bridge, then why shouldnt everyone else. One improper task does not give permission for another. This is just another of many illogical points made by the supporters. The purpose of marriage is not only for companionship and personal and financial support. The purpose of marriage, ultimately, is for procreation, and gay couples cannot procreate. Same sex marriage supporters argue infertile couples and couples who use birth control methods to prevent conception are allowed to marry. As far as infertile couples are concerned, that is something beyond their control. They can not procreate because they have no choice. Whereas homosexuals are able to procreate, with the opposite sex, but choose not to. In regard to birth control, it is also religiously inappropriate. The same thing applies here, as it did with the single parent issue. One improper task does not give permission for another. The supporters have an irrational belief that two wrongs do make a right, whereas they do not. What is the solution to all this nonsense? There are valid points made on the other side of this coin and there is a simple solution. Domestic Partnerships, which are already in use in Denmark and Norway, is the answer, but it is not marriage. The supporters main itch comes from the benefits of being married. The government and certain businesses in society give an advantage to those who do not carry the single status. The marital status shows commitment and responsibility in a person. These advantages include insurance benefits, hospital visitation rights, inheritance rights, wrongful death benefits, child support and alimony, and some others. Republican Party Essay1A domestic partnership can be the legal contract, which they confuse with marriage, that can give immoral and unethical persons the benefits they deserve as citizens of this nation. Domestic Partnerships is not another word for marriage, and it should not be confused with marriage.Domestic Partnership is a civil or legal contract with no purpose b ut to gain certain benefits.Marriage is holy matrimony with the purpose of companionship, personal support, and procreation. One may not agree with the thinking and ideas of others, but everyone deserves equal treatment under the law.Domestic Partnerships have already been proven successful in other nations, and it can be successful in this one. In conclusion, besides same sex marriages being immoral and unethical, they .

Different use of air laser and new battery Essays -

Different use of air laser and new battery Abstract: This report included the compare and contrast of two new technology in the Assessment Event 2. It started as the definition of human progress, which is a development of the society. By comparing and contrasting the ultra-low-power digital memory and air laser, it is hypothesized that the ultra-low-power digital memory is more important than air laser. Finally, because it could stimulate the develop of economy, help the invention of other fittings and solve the environmental problem, so the ultra-low-power digital memory is better than air laser. Introduction: The human progress is an indefinite development that pushed forward by technology, biology and sociology. Every important invention or finding found by human, the human progress pushed forward. In general, if human behavior was changed, such as when the airplane was introduced to people for a new transportation which saved their time, it is said that this kind of invention led to human progress. Thus, it is defined that human progress is the development of the society, including the economy, political, scientific advance and form of living. With the time goes by, the development of science could not follow the needs of human for their daily use, and new technology appear quickly in current situation. This study included two of them: the ultra-low-power digital memory, and the air laser. These technologies are being applied by scientists for modern devices. Thus, it helped human progress move forward. It is hypothesized that the ultra-low-power digital memory is more important than air laser, because it could affect human progress deeper in peoples daily life by saving energy, helping growth of economy and improving more inventions on other fields. Methods: The purpose of this study is to find out which of the new technology benefits the human progress most. 1. Give the definition of the human progress. 2. Pick up two cases in the Assessment Event 2. 3. Compare and contrast these two cases and list them in the given chart. 4. According to the characteristics of two cases, form a hypothesis to which one benefits the human progress in a deeper way. 5. Research the advantages online for the one to support the hypothesis. 6. Using the resources to write the report, including the result, discussion and conclusion. Results: The first case examined is a new technology that could help for an extension for the battery of mobile devises. Its scientific advance is that the batteries will be extended longer, which means there will have an economic way for human to use batteries. And this technique could address the huge consumption of power, especially electricity. It addresses the problem by using ultra-low-power digital memory, because it uses less energy. The report talked about this new technology published by the team, which was led by Professor Eric Pop, in University of Illinois in 2011. In the current situation, people use a memory that is similar to ultra-low-power digital memory, but it consumes 100 times more energy than the new. This invention could benefit things that use battery for power supply. The second case examined is the advance about laser, which could stimulate the oxygen atoms in the air to high energy level. Its scientific advance is that the laser could detect bomb for human. And it addresses the problem of the flaw that old remote laser-sensing method just can reflect or scatter outgoing beam. It addresses problem by letting the oxygen in the air be excited to high energy level, then fall the atoms then back with infrared light to stimulate more atoms fall. This was discovered by Arthur Dogariu and other engineers in Princeton University in 2011. The current technique is remote laser-sensing method. In the future, this could detect not only the bombs, but also the contaminations, and it might be used with radar to detect remote things. Figure 1: The diagram shows the differences and similarities between Ultra-low-Power digital memory and air laser. Although they belong to the same field in science, they have many differ about their applications to human life. Ultra-low-Power digital memory is supported by the nanoscale, which could help it to eliminate energy consumption. Air laser enables the transformation of remote laser-sensing methods, and it provides greater

article 23 essays

article 23 essays Universal Declaration Of Human Rights -Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment- Article 23 has established how the free enterprise has evolved. Choice is a key element of free enterprise. Workers have the right to choose where to work and who to work for. Article 23 clearly states people have the right to work. Another feature in the free enterprise system is competition. In Article 23 it says people have the right to a free choice of employment. This creates competition between businesses so they strive to keep their best employees. In Article 23 people have the protection against unemployment, and the free enterprise relies on individuals, not the government so Article 23 lets people own or work so our economy can succeed. An example for freedom of choice of employment is if I want to open a business and I want to hire a guy named Bob out of college. In the free enterprise system Bob has the right to work for me. Bob has the right to work where he chooses. If Bob were smart he would work for a business with lots of competition, because if the competition is there and the business is doing well he might get paid more, if the business isnt very competitive then the business wont do as well. Lets say, I hired Bob and two months later I decide to dismiss (fire) him because he I need to down size my business. Bob has the right to get another job in this field so he isnt unemployed, which will help keep the economy running because he will provide his skills for another business in need. ...

Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Industry Analysis - Essay Example There are many factors that have made Unilever successful and some of these factors include management, employees, technology, customers, and product quality and product size among others. Unilever has an effective management that focuses on achieving the organization’s objectives and goals. The management cooperates with the employees to ensure that all organizational activities are carried out effectively. Strong and talented management is very important in any organization, it is the key success factor in an organization, and having a good management team is necessary, as it will get all activities done on time and effectively. Employees form part of important success factors in an organization. Employees’ turnover and commitment is very important as this determines the productivity in an organization. The presence of educated and dedicated employees increases the company’s success rate. Therefore, highly qualified and educated management team and employees de termines organization’s productivity, effectiveness and success. Technology also is a determining factor in an organization since there is no company that can survive or flourish without dated and high-tech. the quality and type of technologies used in a company determines its position and success based on the quality of the products it produces. In addition, for the company to be successful, it must have potential and consistent customers who increase the company’s profitability. The company needs to satisfy its customers and retain them in order to generate more profits. If customers feel happy and satisfied, the company will be able to attract more consumers and retain the existing ones hence more profit. Furthermore, product quality and cost also determine the success of a company. For instance, the company should offer high quality products at an affordable price to its customers. Today, many customers are

Palestinian Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palestinian Conflict - Essay Example The reason attributed towards such behavior has been the 'glorification of raw power, blind subservience to authority, and a frightening hatred of others' (Juetten, 2004). Ethnocentrism was mainly responsible towards the political failure of the Middle East region, and the human rights atrocities committed by the extremist forces of Israel and Palestine aggravated the situation. The terminology of a nation was well-defined, and the ethnocentrism affiliated with the Palestinian population in particular, and the people of Middle East, in general, we're focused and highlighted. Said is considered to be the 'major force in the emerging discourse on the post-colonial', and the principles of the states were rephrased. It was observed that Said reflected a conviction towards 'literary criticism' (Juetten, 2004), and integrated the historical and social circumstances for the characterization in constructive and evident manner, to avoid assertion. The concept of ethnocentrism was carried soon after Said was exiled, and it is believed that the exile was an opportunity for Edward to 'overcoming narrow-mindedness and taking an outside view on the familiar while, at the same time, never being an end in itself and rather always connected with a desire for the return and normalization of the affairs' (Juetten, 2004). The common understanding between the analysts of the Middle East affairs and the critics of Edward Said is that he reflected he dwelled in the pluralistic world, and therefore reflected 'ethical cosmopolitanism, which takes common humanity as its goal'. Said insisted and rephrased that the development of universalism and state governing principles are based on 'continual taking of another's place' (Juetten, 2004), and refuted the concept which linked the development of the universalism with the abstraction. Edward Said was previously considered to be an outstanding Palestinian academic, who emerged as 'Palestinians' most famous and revered spokesman' (Juetten, 20 04). The analysts are of the opinion that the Palestinian situation deeply influenced his 'intellectual capabilities', and then this is to be considered as the core of the 'idea of dispossession', where the direct reference is being towards the 'actual dispossession of Palestinians or the intellectual dispossession of the colonized', where the grieved party was subjected to severe conditions and were traumatized, and their agenda was ignored, which was finally presented through 'prism of oriental-ism' (Juetten, 2004). Said is considered to be the spokesman for the Palestinian Diaspora, but after 1992 his affiliation towards the occupied territories and East Jerusalem was more concentrated, and therefore he introduced different proposals for the settlement of the issuers, but the proposals were not centered on pivotal stand, rather the motive of the proposal with reference to the solution of the affairs of the disputed state was to achieve peace through reconciliation, and sacrificia l spirit rather than geographic and demographic repositioning.

Cadbury: Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL Analysis

Cadbury: Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL Analysis In order to recommend what strategy is needed for a company to follow is essential to analyze the competitive environment where they operate. When analyzing the competitive environment of Cadbury, the factors that should be considered are both factors from the confectionery industry and factors from the macro environment, which would have an effect on the successful operation of the company. I have chosen Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL analysis. 1.1 Porters Five Forces Bargaining power of buyers: Porter (2008) stated that where the product is a small  fraction of buyers costs or expenditures, buyers are usually less price sensitive. Cadbury has to categories of buyers namely, consumers or retailer. Retail buyers are the group that has the most effect for Cadbury and other confectionery producers. They are mainly large retailers like i.e. Tesco, Asda in UK. There is competition for shelf space and threat of backward integration especially with brand only products. That is a very important group, which is directly correlated with the revenue. It could have high effect. Bargaining power of suppliers: Group that has big impact on the final product, in terms of quality and price. The main commodities used by Cadbury are cocoa, milk, and sugar. Any change in the price of those commodities will affect directly the price of the product and the profitability. Confectionery manufacturers are facing increasing cost pressures as Cocoa prices hit their highest levels for 23 years due to fall in Cocoa production (BBC, 2008). Cadbury is using commodity derivative contracts for cocoa and sugar. Cadbury Cocoa partnership is established to insure sustainable supply of Cocoa by supporting Cocoa farmers in Ghana, India, Indonesia and Caribbean (Cadbury, 2008). Another way perhaps to strengthen their position would be a backward integration, where they would acquire one or more of their suppliers to ensure that they have control over the commodity price (Johnson et al, 2008). Moderate effect. Rivalry among existing competitors: Confectionary is an industry with stiff competition amongst its players. There are five major players competing globally in confectionery industry: Nestle, Mars Wrigley, Cadbury, Ferrero Rocher and Hershey with about 42% share of global market (Cadbury, 2008). All of the major players in the industry have very sound brands worldwide. There is a high growth rate of 5% in the developed countries, and about 10% in the emerging markets, which makes the confectionery industry very attractive. Because of the high competition, there is possibility of competition of prices, which will cause the company to operate with lower margins. High effect. Threat of substitute products: World Health Organization (WHO) (2008) estimates that in 2005 at least 400 million adults worldwide were obese and forecasted that this figure in 2015 will be 700 million. USA, UK, and Germany are among the countries with largest number of people that are obese, overweight, and have cardiovascular health problems on the other hand those countries are the largest confectionery markets in the world. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of healthy eating, so the snacking habits are changing. There are numbers of substitutes emerging on the market, products like cereal bars and fruit bars are threat for the chocolate industry, as health conscious parents especially, would opt for the healthier option. Chocolatiers try to add value to their chocolate, with vitamins or antioxidants or by removing fat and sugar from the confection (Scully, C., 2006). Moreover consumers want firms to avoid e-numbers or synthetic colours and require instead organic substan ces In this regard many people think of the possible health benefits from the chocolate they eat. Consequently a further development will start. Special groups like diabetics or allergy sufferers will rise in importance. (Vreeland, C., 2007). The other main direction in the confection industry is the tendency to pure black and high quality chocolate. Thus, the sweet is turning into a way in which people express their selves. Candy Industry (2006) clarifies this with the headline of one of their reports Dark and Decadent vs. Milk and Mainstream. The statement is underpinned by several data. In 2006 the sales of dark chocolate increased by 40%, every third chocolate released was a dark chocolate and the premium market was foretold to grow over 20% in the next periods. The bitter chocolate has the benefit of a low sugar rate and a lot of antioxidants that makes it much more healthy then normal sweets. A dark chocolate is a bit of luxury at a reasonable price, perhaps thats a reason why this kind of sweet is so popular. The last point which supports the trend is that premium chocolate is for a multilateral use, for instance as a gift or decoration, optimally suitable (Rehan, 2007). The effect is high. Threat of a new entry: as the confectionery market is dominated by well established brands, as sated while analyzing the rivals, and they are Nestle, Mars Wrigley, Cadbury, Ferrero Rocher and Hershey, with 42% of the market (Cadbury, 2008) for a new company is very difficult to enter the market, unless they come up with new interesting product, something to go in line with the healthy lifestyle perhaps, as discussed above. However, it will be difficult to take a considerable market share, as they would be competing against very well established companies, with also established brand names, distribution channels and high capital investment. Other barriers for new entrants are economies of scale and experience of major operators in production and distribution (Johnson, et al 2008). On the other hand those barriers might not be effective for a company that is diversifying, like Nestle, they used their strong position of the confectionery market to enter the ice cream market (Reader, 2 006). The effect on Cadbury is low. 1.2 PESTEL Analysis Political: Only 10 countries in the world produce more than 90% of the worlds cocoa (Worlds Coco Foundation, 2007). The major problem in those countries is poverty. The main concern for the companies trading with those countries is political stability, as instability can have effect on the price, and the supply. Economic: Recent fall in the value of the pound, is one economic factor that affects all the companies that operate in UK, and have business connections with other countries. Cadbury operates in more than 60 countries in the world. Cadbury suppliers of their main commodity cocoa are not British, as outlined above. The depreciation of the pound makes the prices of cocoa more expensive; even though Cadbury had future contracts to hedge against situations like that it will still affect the operation in longer run, when new future contracts need to be made. On the other hand interest rates are very low in England at the moment. The base rate is only 0.5% (Bank of England, 2010). Companies can benefit with lower interest borrowing. Social: Fair trade with cocoa farmers is a social factor, as affects how the company is perceived by the consumers. Fair trade means that a company buys a tone of cocoa at the market price and pays a social premium for the commodity. This benefits the planter because of a steady income stream, which is more independent from the volatility of the market price. Furthermore a company with a fair trade label pays a percentage of the selling price to the centralized fair trade organization. Corporations try to redeem these disadvantages through a higher quality of cocoa beans (Westen, 2006). Furthermore an enterprise could gain a competitive advantage because of their social commitment. The customer can see a fair trade certification on the package and this is becoming more and more important. As outlined above Cadbury operates in more than 60 countries in the world. When a company operates in more than one country potential problems are conflicts between different cultural groups, language difficulties, stereotyping, and mutual misunderstanding (Greenhause, et al, 2010). Technological: Availability of high-tech machinery enables the company to produce high quality product at lower prices, which helps the company to gain competitive advantage. Another point is the widespread of the internet and satellite television, makes it easier to advertise to bigger audience of potential consumers. Environmental: The cocoa plant needs a stable climate. But the ideal conditions in  Africa and South America are in danger because of global warming. The weather will be  unpredictable and natural disasters are possible. Consequently the plants get hurt and the productivity decreases. Moreover disease destroys over 20% of the cacao beans that should be use for chocolate production every year (Ogodo, 2006).Therefore companies should search ways to secure a steady flow of cocoa in the required amount and quality. Cooperation with the World Cocoa Foundation could be a solution. Confectioners like Ferrero, Lindt, Thorntons and Nestle realise this potential and try to improve future expectations (World Cocoa Foundation, 2007) Legal: Affecting the industry are two new legislations that came into force in 2003 in UK. Regulations concerning contaminants in food and organic products force firms to obey and perhaps change their own practices (Baxter, 2006). The company had a very strong financial position with sales revenue growth of 14.6% compared with the previous year, which was due to increase in price, rather than increase in volume of sales, (Bonfield, 2009). Increasing price with no increase in the quality results in higher margins, however it is a very risky strategy to follow as the consumers might not agree with it, the company can lose market share (Johnson, et al 2008). The profit margins have increased from 5.41% in 2007 to 7.43% in 2008, and are higher than the average which stands at 6.42%. That is an indicator of successful cuts in cost. Main reason for that is cutting the number of employees, in 2007 the number of employees was 50,465, and in 2008 was nearly 4000 less down to 46,517. ROCE was nearly doubled in 2008 rising from 3.78% to 7.29%, and was much higher than the average ROCE for the industry, which was 5.53%. This increase in part can be from divestment of Americas Beverages in 2008 during 2008 that had lower R OCE than other companies in the group. According to Cadburys annual report (2008) In July 2008 Company issued new  £350m sterling bond with a coupon of 7.25%and underlying interest rate for Cadbury in 2008 was 6.5%. This means that Cadbury is not producing ROCE much more than its current cost of capital. On the other hand Nestles ROCE is an impressive 21.5% that indicates that the operating costs in UK are much higher, like wages, rent, administrative expenses etc. Current ratio which indicates the companys liquidity is 0.86% for 2008 for Cadbury, which is an improvement from previous year when it was 0.58%. That indicates that their liability has decreased during 2008. Compared to the competitors is obvious that they are not as liquid as Nestle, with current ratio of 1%, however their performance for 2008 compared with the industry average which is 0.72% indicates that they are doing better than the majority. Gering Ratio has decreased from 123.69% to 89.66% in 2008 mostly because of the demerger with the Americas Beverages which was financed by debt. At 2008 their gearing was lower than the average that was 106.6. That is an indicator that if the company needs to borrow, it will not be difficult to find a lender, as they are outperforming the average. Return on shareholders funds is 11.36% nearly doubled compared to year before when it was 6.10%. Nestles return is again much higher at 14.76%. However Cadburys Return on Shareholders funds is again better than the average for the industry which seats at 8.73%. (Weetman, 2006) (Nestle, 2008) (Fame, 2009)(Cadbury, 2009) CORPORATE STRATEGY CURRENTLY BEING PERSUED Vision into action is the name of the strategy pursued by Cadbury. The main outcome of the strategy is to achieve mid teen margins by 2011, alongside with 4-6% organic revenue growth, and improved return on capital employed. If all of that is achieved Cadbury PLC is going to be in an excellent position financially and marketwise, and would deliver outstanding return for their shareholders and become the largest confectionery company in the world. Cadburys priorities stated in the strategy were: growth, efficiency, and capability (Cadbury, 2009). In order to achieve the priorities cost reduction was very important, which resulted in increase in profit by 2.02% the de-merger of US Beverage happened in May 2008, as it was difficult for a British company to compete against American giants such as Coca Cola and Pepsi Co (Market Watch, 2008). And because it was an unrelated diversification from Cadburys main focus on chocolate, gum, and candy. Originally Cadbury wanted to sell the business, as Colley et al. (2002) suggests that a company may not have the time or resources to focus on particular division. Selling the units that lack long term prospects would bring in cash that can be used in what would be considered more advantageous ways. However a lack of interest from cash shy investors forced it to split the business instead. Instead of adding value to the Parent Company, if that given unit adds in management costs, adds to bureaucratic complexity and obscure financial performance, it is not feasible to continue with their oper ation (Johnson et al, 2008). The recent acquisition of Adam business is of immense benefit to Cadbury having gain number two position in gum business. They are focused in Integrating these recent acquisitions for sustainable growth. In order to implement strategy successfully there should be match between strategy and organisational structure. Roquebert et al. (1996) argue that in essence the structure of the organisation and its fit to environment determines the relative degree of profitability. Alfred Chandler (1962) concluded that structure follows strategy. New group structure of seven business units instead of four was introduced and de-layering organization for faster decision making and reduction in administrative cost. Strategic business unit is a part of an organization for which there is a distinct external market for goods or services that is different from another strategic business unit SBU (Johnson et al, 2008). The definition for SBU by CIMA, (2006) adds that SBU has a significant degree of autonomy, typically being responsible for developing and marketing their own product. In the case of Cadbury there is no evidence that shows these business units will have any autonomy in developing their own m arkets and products. Alongside what I have mentioned several other activities had been carried out in order to implement the strategy, such as the reconfiguration of production in Australia and New Zealand to reduce complexity of production, ant the closure of the nonperforming plants i.e. Barcelona and Turkey Gum plants and Somerdale Chocolate plant (Cadbury, 2009). Cadbury is a large company that only concentrates in one industry. In a study carried out by Schmalensee in 1985 was found that the industry effect is very significant and accounts for at least 75% of the variance of industry rates of return on assets, which is directly correlated with the profit of the firm. He also found that market share effects exist it share has positive relation with profitability but its effect is negligible and industry and market share affects are negatively correlated. Within the industry this is competitive advantage that accounts for profitability of company. Cadbury at the moment does not have competitive advantage over its rivals. Profit target set for 2013 that is operating margin of 16%-18% (11.9%for 2008) shows that understanding this fact managers are trying to gain competitive advantage over other global players by focusing on performance and increasing profit (Hill and Jones, 2007). RECOMMENDATION Based on the findings regarding the competitive environment where the company operates, and on Cadburys financial performance and current strategy, l can give recommendations for a strategy to be followed, supported by a Balanced Scored Card provided in Appendix 1. The main goal as it was outlined in the existing strategy is Increase in Shareholders Value. For the goal to be achieved every department in the Company should be involved. I will explain the implementation of the strategy starting from implementation in the process of learning and growth, than the implementation across the internal processes, followed by what would the strategy mean to the customers, finishing with how will the strategy affect the financial perspective. In order for a company to be successful the most important asset are the employees. Very important part of any strategy is how happy the employees are? Are they driving the business towards the goal set by the management? In order to achieve the points made is very important that the team fully understands the strategy and the underlying assumptions. The employees should work as a team with a successful communication between them, which contributes to faster decision making. For best results Cadbury should employ and retain high performers, for example high performing managers, or specialists in the field of RD. Once those employees are on board is very important to retain them, by appropriate pay, safe conditions, training and development to achieve their full potential. After the Kraft take over, and numerous job cuts, the team morale is low (BBC, March 2010), and it is very important that they get the support needed, and understand the big picture. Another crucial area of successes is investing in RD. As outlined by the analysis using the Porter Five Forces, there is a threat of substitutes, to develop products in line with the changing consumer habits (WHO, 2008) healthier variety of snacks should be introduced. Consumers are becoming more health concern, and are happy to pay higher price for a good quality, example of that is Innocent, focused on healthy food and drink, 100% smoothies, packed fruits and vegetables, which in the nine years they exist has grown from just a three employees to 268, and is one of the fastest growing companies with revenue of over 120 million pounds (Innocent, 2009). As explained by Ansoffs Matrix possible growth opportunities are found in this particular case by introducing new products in already existing markets (Richardson, et al, 2007). I think that Cadbury PLC should be one step ahead and introduce similar products as well. However, introducing new products is very costly and it will relate i n lower growth prospects. There are two factors that the power of substitutes depends on: Relative Price/Performance; and The extent of switching costs (CIMA, 2007). By using Porters Five Force was found that the competition in the confectionery industry is fierce; in order for Cadbury to maintain their market share, or better to enlarge it, constant improvements of the products should be maintained. Black and Green line should be developed further, as the demand for dark chocolate is growing (Rehan, 2007). As Porter (1980) says the goal of a competitive strategy for a company is to find a position in its industry where these competitive forces, will do it the most good or the least harm The Cadburys brand is large and global. Kraft had done a lot of acquisitions in the past where the brand has been kept intact like Jacobs Coffee in Germany. The company should continue that with the Cadbury Brand, as that is key to success. In the long run that will result in improved sales revenues , and better profit margins. In the Balanced Score Card I have outlined that Cadbury should be environmentally friendly. Ogogdo, (2006) had pointed that there is a threat to the cocoa trees in the long run, by the global warming. Cadbury should do their part and be involved in projects helping the environment, like using fair trade, or following their competitors examples. Nestle USA is helping to safeguard the environment through pollution prevention and control, energy conservation and recycling/solid waste management practices (Nestle Global, 2010). Entering new markets is a way of driving the business forward. By acquiring Cadbury, Kraft had positioned themselves on the Indian market where Cadbury has a very strong position, on the other hand Kraft can help Cadbury to penetrate the Chinese market, where they have a solid position, and use their distribution channels (Riches, 2010). Being global as refered to in the PESTEL analysis comes with its negative sides. To overcome that Cadbury should work towards minimizing conflicts and have procedures in place to supplement the strategy. Even though the current liabilities had decreased from the year before, there are still high. Restructuring the debt to a lower interest loan, would result in substantial savings. The interest debt on the existing debt is 6.5% (Cadbury, 2009). As outlined from the financial analysis, the performance had been stronger year after year, where almost all of the ratios had improved. If all the recommendations outlined above are followed the financial performance can only get stronger. When all standards are met for quality and the product meet and exceed customer expectations, there are possibilities for higher margins and increase in profit. On the other hand when the profits increase after interest and tax, the shareholders return would increase as well, which makes the final goal achieved increase in shareholder value. Market Watch Drinks; Apr2008, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p14-14, 1p Porter, M. E., (1980), Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy: Keys to Profitability, Financial Analysis Journal, Vol. 36, Issue 4, p30-41, 12p Strategy in Action Applying Ansoffs Matrix.Full Text Available By: Richardson, Mark; Evans, Carl. Manager: British Journal of Administrative Management, Summer2007, Issue 59, pi-iii, 3p

Allowing Cloning Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Essays Science

Allowing Cloning In earlier times the subject of cloning human beings has been no more than just a fantastic idea to play around with in science-fiction books and movies. As time progresses though, more and more fantasies become realities. Such is the case with cloning. What has only been dreamt up before by artists on pen and paper can now be performed by scientists in laboratories. With the ability to clone humans now possible the question of whether such an act should even be carried out is raised. How far should cloning be allowed to go if it should even be allowed at all? The answer is that cloning should be allowed, but only in moderation. Currently Congress is debating on a bill on whether or not cloning should be banned outright. If this bill were to pass then the scientific community will have a huge blow dealt against it. Human cloning techniques should not be completely banned because they have the potential of revealing new ways to cure currently incurable diseases and ailments. In the article ?Human Cloning is good for All of Us,? Patrick Stephens writes that ?regulations will delay the availability of medical technologies that cloning and genetic research are bound to bring.? Even though Stephens presents a true possibility he only sees one side of the argument and fails to examine what unchecked cloning could result in. There are those on that oppose Stephens? views completely and would prefer to have the ban on cloning passed by Congress. The result that those people want may be a little extreme, but they seem to be doing it for the right reasons. As mentioned before, cloning has been used as a subject in many science-fiction stores and in most of those cloning has ended up bringing about a ... ... and researched before human clones are produced. We need to learn everything we can about it before we pass judgment. A ban would only prevent us as a society from exploring another possibility that would further separate us from the wild animals and allow us to make a more distinct mark as human beings. Works Cited ?Stop Cloning Now,? The Interim. February 2003. http://www.lifesite.net/interim/2003/feb/04editorials.html Stephens, Patrick. ?Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,? The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/pstephens_human-cloning-good.asp ?Ten Reasons to Support the Brownback/Landrieu Cloning Ban,? Americans to Ban Cloning. http://cloninginformation.org/info/talking_points.htm Binswanger, Harry. ?Immoral to Ban Human Cloning,? Religion vs. Morality. http://religion.aynrand.org/cloning.html Allowing Cloning Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Essays Science Allowing Cloning In earlier times the subject of cloning human beings has been no more than just a fantastic idea to play around with in science-fiction books and movies. As time progresses though, more and more fantasies become realities. Such is the case with cloning. What has only been dreamt up before by artists on pen and paper can now be performed by scientists in laboratories. With the ability to clone humans now possible the question of whether such an act should even be carried out is raised. How far should cloning be allowed to go if it should even be allowed at all? The answer is that cloning should be allowed, but only in moderation. Currently Congress is debating on a bill on whether or not cloning should be banned outright. If this bill were to pass then the scientific community will have a huge blow dealt against it. Human cloning techniques should not be completely banned because they have the potential of revealing new ways to cure currently incurable diseases and ailments. In the article ?Human Cloning is good for All of Us,? Patrick Stephens writes that ?regulations will delay the availability of medical technologies that cloning and genetic research are bound to bring.? Even though Stephens presents a true possibility he only sees one side of the argument and fails to examine what unchecked cloning could result in. There are those on that oppose Stephens? views completely and would prefer to have the ban on cloning passed by Congress. The result that those people want may be a little extreme, but they seem to be doing it for the right reasons. As mentioned before, cloning has been used as a subject in many science-fiction stores and in most of those cloning has ended up bringing about a ... ... and researched before human clones are produced. We need to learn everything we can about it before we pass judgment. A ban would only prevent us as a society from exploring another possibility that would further separate us from the wild animals and allow us to make a more distinct mark as human beings. Works Cited ?Stop Cloning Now,? The Interim. February 2003. http://www.lifesite.net/interim/2003/feb/04editorials.html Stephens, Patrick. ?Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,? The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/pstephens_human-cloning-good.asp ?Ten Reasons to Support the Brownback/Landrieu Cloning Ban,? Americans to Ban Cloning. http://cloninginformation.org/info/talking_points.htm Binswanger, Harry. ?Immoral to Ban Human Cloning,? Religion vs. Morality. http://religion.aynrand.org/cloning.html

Explication Essay: Paradise Lost

Paige Gardner Julia Naviaux ENG 230: 003 February 1, 2013 Explication Essay: Paradise Lost- Lines 80-134 The debate of free will versus predestination is a very common, prevalent topic in any Q&A session or even religious sermon. The controversial issue of whether God has predestined His people for salvation or if God has given people the freedom in making their independent choice to do so is a question theologians will never solve. Many church congregations have lost members due to the church’s opinion on this topic.John Milton, English poet, used his epic poem Paradise Lost to present the story of the Fall of Adam and Eve in a way people of his time, seventeenth century, had never been exposed to. Throughout the story, we are enthralled with the revengeful attributes of Satan and the loving, forgiving, and even punishable attributes of God. Milton doesn’t present the character God until Book 3. In lines 80-134, Milton presents his audience with the idea of predestinat ion and free will from God’s own point of view through a conversation between his characters: God and the Son.God expresses to His son the difference of knowing what will happen and predestining what will happen. In Paradise Lost, Milton uses the literary elements of repetition and sentence structure to reveal the truth of free will to his readers. Milton uses repetition to demonstrate to his readers the difference between knowing what will happen versus having a predetermined, influential stance on something. Milton uses the possessive pronoun ‘their’ to stress the importance on the matter of the people possessing something or something being a part of their possessions.For example, â€Å"their maker, or their making, or their fate† illustrates this concept in the epic poem (Milton, Book III, line 113). Here, Milton expresses how if people have free will they can no longer claim these things because they are a part of the human race and therefore possess human nature. From this, people have a maker who made them into the people they are today. Therefore, people are made with free will and cannot blame their maker for their own fate because people do not determine it alone. These three facets, in a way, intertwine with one another.People cannot blame one without the other two or vice versa. People’s fate is part of their making and people’s making is part of their maker, hence the possessive pronoun ‘their’. Milton says predestination â€Å"over-rul’d their will† (Milton, Book III, lines 114-115). Now the freedom is taken away. Everything is already determined and no choices will need to be made. In lines 116-118, Milton gives his returning argument against predestination by saying, â€Å"they themselves decreed their own revolt, not I: if I foreknew, foreknowledge had no influence on their fault†.Milton states here his stance on free will. God may know what will happen, but he is not i nfluencing people’s decisions. He allows people to make them on our own. As well as repetition, Milton also uses sentence structure to relay to the readers the theme of his epic poem. In book III, lines 129-134, Milton uses three different colons in one sentence to make the reader realize that one point leads to the next. Colons in grammar are used to demonstrate lists.Milton does this by stating, â€Å"The first sort by their own suggestion fell, self-tempted, self-depraved: Man falls deceived by the other first: Man therefore shall find grace, the other none: in mercy and justice both, through Heaven and Earth, so shall my glory excel, but Mercy first and last shall brightest shine. †. Milton concludes this conversation between God and the Son with these lines. Milton utilizes the colons to express that these events would not happen without the preceding event occurring. Without sin or impurity, mankind is in no need of grace or mercy. Through these imperfections, th e Lord is praised by his people.Humans are corrupt as people and tempted by each other. Satan, in the Garden of Eden, tempted Eve and Eve tempted Adam; mankind was self-tempted. Man fell because of his fellow man. Through mercy and grace, the Lord is glorified and his mercy outshines everything. By God offering his grace and mercy to mankind, He reveals His giving nature. He is offering mankind grace and mercy to be saved, but He not forcing it upon them. Through the free will God gave us, people can worship him with sincerity and genuine love. Sincerity people would not have if he predestined them. Milton is driving this point home in this section of his epic poem.God’s love and mercy is everlasting, and Milton says it will prevail through everything. The debate between free will and predestination will always be present. Regardless how many theologians research it and search scriptures for answers, this debate will always exist. There are some things the Lord does not revea l to His people so they are able to step out in faith and trust in Him. By using repetition and sentence structure, Milton expresses the view of free will from God’s perspective. Through Paradise Lost, Milton shows us a glimpse of what the wonderful Gospel of Christ truly is.

Finance 550 - 9571 Words

Practice Exam Questions and Answers 1. The Widget Co. purchased new machinery three years ago for $4 million. The machinery can be sold to the Roman Co. today for $2 million. The Widget Co.s current balance sheet shows net fixed assets of $2,500,000, current liabilities of $1,375,000, and net working capital of $725,000. If all the current assets were liquidated today, the company would receive $1.9 million in cash. The book value of the Widget Co.s assets today is _____ and the market value of those assets is _____. A. $4,600,000; $3,900,000 B. $4,600,000; $3,125,000 C. $5,000,000; $3,125,000 D. $5,000,000; $3,900,000 E. $6,500,000; $3,900,000 Book value = ($725,000 + $1,375,000) + $2,500,000 = $4,600,000 Market value = $1,900,000†¦show more content†¦good reputation of the company C. equipment owned by the firm D. money due from a customer E. an item held by the firm for future sale Refer to section 2.1 AACSB: N/A Blooms: Comprehension Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Objective: 2-2 and 2-4 Ross - Chapter 02 #15 Section: 2.2 and 2.4 Topic: Depreciation 10. Which one of the following statements concerning net working capital is correct? A. The lower the value of net working capital the greater the ability of a firm to meet its current obligations. B. An increase in net working capital must also increase current assets. C. Net working capital increases when inventory is sold for cash at a profit. D. Firms with equal amounts of net working capital are also equally liquid. E. Net working capital is a part of the operating cash flow. Refer to section 2.1 AACSB: N/A Blooms: Comprehension Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Objective: 2-2 and 2-4 Ross - Chapter 02 #19 Section: 2.2 and 2.4 Topic: Income statement 11. The higher the degree of financial leverage employed by a firm, the: A. higher the probability that the firm will encounter financial distress. B. lower the amount of debt incurred. C. less debt a firm has per dollar of total assets. D. higher the number of outstanding shares of stock. E. lower the balance in accounts payable. Refer to section 2.1 AACSB: N/A Blooms: Knowledge Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 2-4 Ross - Chapter 02 #24 Section: 2.4 Topic: Cash flow fromShow MoreRelatedEssay Mt480 Corporate Finance Unit 9 Project1159 Words   |  5 PagesStudent MT480-01: Corporate Finance Unit Nine: Assignment Date Assignment: Complete the following exercises and problems from the textbook. 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